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[
General Glossary,
Quantum Glossary,
Atomic Glossary
]
Ground-State Configurations
Below are the Ground-State Configurations of
the first few elements, followed by
the astronomically abundant elements.
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Atom
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Configuration
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Meaning
outer electrons have...
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H (Z=1)
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1s1
2S1/2
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n=1 (ie K-shell)
only one outer electron, with
l=0
(from the "s")
multiplicity=2
(ie spin S=1/2)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=1/2
(so 2J+1=2 states)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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He (Z=2)
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1s2
1S0
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n=1 (ie K-shell)
two outer electrons, with
l=0
(from the "s")
multiplicity=1
(ie spin S=0)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=0
(so 2J+1=1 state)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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Li (Z=3)
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1s2
2s1
2S1/2
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
one outer electron, with
l=0
(from the "s")
multiplicity=2
(ie spin S=1/2)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=1/2
(so 2J+1=2 states)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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Be (Z=4)
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1s2
2s2
1S0
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
two outer electrons, with
l=0
(from the "s")
multiplicity=1
(ie spin S=0)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=0
(so 2J+1=1 state)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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B (Z=5)
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1s2
2s2
2p1
2Po1/2
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
one outer electron, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=2
(ie spin S=1/2)
L=1
(from the "P")
J=1/2
(so 2J+1=2 states)
Odd Parity
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C (Z=6)
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1s2
2s2
2p2
3P0
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
two outer electrons, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=3
(ie spin S=1)
L=1
(from the "P")
J=0
(so 2J+1=1 state)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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N (Z=7)
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1s2
2s2
2p3
4So3/2
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
three outer electrons, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=4
(ie spin S=3/2)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=3/2
(so 2J+1=4 states)
Odd Parity
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O (Z=8)
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1s2
2s2
2p4
3P1
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
four outer electrons, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=3
(ie spin S=1)
L=1
(from the "P")
J=1
(so 2J+1=3 states)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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Atom
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Configuration
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Meaning
outer electrons have...
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Ne (Z=10)
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1s2
2s2
2p6
1S0
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n=2 (ie L-shell)
six outer electrons, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=1
(ie spin S=0)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=0
(so 2J+1=1 state)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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Mg (Z=12)
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1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
1S0
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n=3 (ie M-shell)
two outer electrons, with
l=0
(from the "s")
multiplicity=1
(ie spin S=0)
L=0
(from the "S")
J=0
(so 2J+1=1 state)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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Si (Z=14)
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1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p2
3P0
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n=3 (ie M-shell)
two outer electrons, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=3
(ie spin S=1)
L=1
(from the "P")
J=0
(so 2J+1=1 state)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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S (Z=16)
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1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p4
3P2
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n=3 (ie M-shell)
four outer electrons, with
l=1
(from the "p")
multiplicity=3
(ie spin S=1)
L=1
(from the "P")
J=2
(so 2J+1=5 states)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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Fe (Z=26)
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1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
4s2
3d6
5D4
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this is a bit tricky since the
4s subshell
has a lower energy than the
3d subshell,
thus the outer electrons are actually in the latter
n=3 (ie M-shell)
six outer electrons, with
l=2
(from the "d")
multiplicity=5
(ie spin S=2)
L=2
(from the "D")
J=4
(so 2J+1=9 states)
Even Parity
(from lack of symbol)
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