[4246] Physics 316: Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology

Summary:
An introduction to Extragalactic Astronomy and Modern Cosmology. The course will including a history of mans evolving understanding of the universe, an introduction to special and general relativity, evidence for the big bang and the expanding universe, the formation of light elements in the early universe, the effect of dark matter on the formation of large-scale structure in the universe and galaxy motions, gravitational lenses, observations of quasars, the intergalactic medium, measurement of cosmological parameters and more... Note As this is a very active area of research, students will be presented with exciting new results as they hit the press.

Recent News
2003 Feb 11

WMAP dates Universe as 13.7 billion years old

2002 Nov 13
'Little' Big Bang stumps scientists

2002 Sep
DASI reports the detection of polarization in the CMB consistent with predictions of the current paradigm [ Press Release]

Grading:
Final Exam 35%
Mid-term Exam 25%
Student Presentations 20%
Quizzes 20%

Lectures Time/Place:
Tues and Thurs 11:30am-12:45pm / PHYS 107

Important Dates: 2003
Jan 27 Start Spring Term
Jan 28 First Lecture for 316
Jan 27-Feb 7 Schedule Adjustment
March 20 Mid-term (Rm 107, 11:30am)
Mar 24-30 Spring Break
Apr 7 Deadline for dropping courses
Apr 22 Student Presentations
May 13 Last day of classes
May 15 Final Exam (Rm 107, time 10:30am-12:30pm)
May 22 Commencement
May 27 Grades due

Instructor: Dr. Jane Turner

Prerequisite: Physics 122

Course Breakdown
The following shows an approximate breakdown of subjects within the course, as a function of course-week (from the start of the semester). The breakdown serves to show what material will be covered and the intended order of topics, however it is expected that actual coverage will change according to how long the class needs to spend on each topic. It is also possible that some topics will be added or deleted at the discretion of Dr. Turner. This is just intended as a rough guide.


Week 1 About the course - discussion of expectations. Historical view and its evolution - Ptolemy, Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler and his laws
Week 2 Historical view continues - Galileo, Newton and his laws. Also, quick review of some basics of astrophysics to set us up for the rest of the course
Week 3 First Quiz (on the historical view of the Universe). Galaxies. Milkyway, contents, stellar pops, GCs, Galaxy types and more. Estimating distance to galaxy. Cepheids. Tully-Fisher. The Cosmic Distance ladder
Week 4 Cosmic Distance ladder (contd). Detection of redshift. Hubbles vel-z relation. The Universe is expanding. Hubble age, time, lookback time, age of Universe.
Week 5 Quiz on Cosmic Distance ladder and Hubble. Special Relativity: speed of light, relative motion, time dilation, length contraction, simultaneity, velocity addition
Week 6 General Relativity: Spacetime and gravity, the equivalence principle, worldlines, spacetime curvature and the geometry of the Universe, gravitational time dilation, gravitational lensing.
Week 7 Black Holes: the event horizon, Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics. Evidence for Black Holes. Types of BHs. Hawking radiation. Active Galaxies. BH-Galaxy relation.
Week 8 Dark Matter. DM in Spiral Galaxies, DM in What is DM (review baryonic and non-baryonic matter) Mid-Term Exam.
Week 9 SPRING BREAK
Week 10 Recap of first part of course
Week 11 Finish DM. MACHOS , WIMPS,
Week 12 Modeling the Universe. Olbers paradox. GR develops into Cosmological Models. Lambda. Recap:Universe Expanding. Robertson-Walker Metric. Friedmann Equation. Recap Geom. and Fate of Universe. Connecting standard models with Hubbles law. Cosmological redshift. Critical Density, Omega.
Week 13 Cosmic Microwave Background. Discovery and Implications. Hot Big Bang. CODE results, CMB fluctuations. Boomerang. WMAP. Students Project Presentations
Week 14 Primordial Nucleosynthesis and Hot Big Bang. Formation of Structure. Gravitational Collapse. Jeans Mass. Simulated structure formation. Galaxy Evolution.
Week 15 The early Universe. Unification of Forces. Problems with the Big Bang. Inflation. String Theory.
Week 16 Revision and Final Exam
Quick References

Office Hours: Physics 314, by appointment.
Please note that I spend some days each week away from UMBC.
E-mail is the best way to set up an appointment.

Contact Info:
E-mail: turner@lucretia.gsfc.nasa.gov,
UMBC Office: 1-410-455-1518
(If it is really urgent, then also try my NASA/GSFC office 1-301-286-5190.)

Required Text: Other Suggested Texts (used in the preparation of this course)
  • "Foundations of Modern Cosmology"
    Author(s): John F. Hawley, Katherine A. Holcomb
    Publisher: Oxford University Press Inc
    ISBN 0195104978 (hardback) about $61 new (bn.com) plus several used copies obtainable through amazon.com
    [ Web page for the course textbook]
  • Stars, Galaxies & Cosmology (The Cosmic Perspective Second Edition)
    Authors: J. Bennett, M. Donahue, N. Schneider, M. Voit
    ISBN 0-8053-8557-6 (paperback)
  • "Introduction to Cosmology" (2nd ed.)
    Author(s): Matts Roos
    Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
    ISBN 0-471-97229-0 (cloth)
    ISBN 0-471-97383-1 (paperback)
  • "Modern Cosmological Observations and Problems"
    Author(s): Greg Bothun
    Publisher: Taylor & Francis Ltd/Inc
    ISBN 0-7484-0332-9 (hardback) about $95 new
    ISBN 0-7484-0645-X (paperback) about $35 new
    [ Known Errata in the 1998 edition]
  • "The Big Bang" (3rd ed.)
    Author(s): Joseph Silk
    Publisher: W.H. Freeman and Co.
    ISBN 0-7167-4246-2 (cloth)
    ISBN 0-7167-3878-3 (paperback)